Legend
Puri is an ancient shrine, enshrining Krishna - Jagannath in
the form of a wooden image.
There is a legend about the construction
of the Jagannath temple and installation of three deities therein According to this legend in the Satya Yuga there was a king
Indradyumna, in Malava . He was a great devotee of Vishnu. Once
he had vision of Nilamadhava Vishnu in his dream. Next day he
sent emissaries in four direction to find out where the image,
he dreamt of, was being worshipped. Brahmin Vidyapati was sent
to the east. He came to Utkala and entered a Savara village.He
took shelter in the house of the Savara King Visvavasu.His daughter
Lalita fell in love with Vidyapati who had to marry her so that
he might get information about Nilamadhava through his wife.
Savara king Visvavasu used to go to the forest every morning
to worship Nilamadhava installed in Niakandara (Blue cave).
Vidyapati preesed his wife to request her father to allow him
to see Nilamadhava. Visvavasu agreed on the condition that Vidyapati
will be taken to the shrine and brought back therefrom with
a blindfold.When Vidyapati heard this proposal he requested
his wife to arrange something so that he may subsequently know
the path. Lalitha gave him some sesame seeds to be scarred on
the side of the road he followed so that he might know the path
when sesame plants grew up during the rains.
Accordingly Vidyapati was taken to Nilakandara where he had
the luck of witnessing Nilamadhava. But when Vasu Savara offered
the food to the deity, he did not take it as usual. At this
Vasu Savara was much dismayed. At this time he heard someone
saying from the air, “we would no longer continued to be worshipped
by you. Oh! Vasu, we will change the present Nilamadhava form
and assume Daru form. We shall be worshipped in the temple by
Raja Indradyumna.” Hearing this voice of God, Vasu Savara came
back with Vidyapati with a heavy heart.Then Vidyapati bade farewell
to his wife and father-in-law and started to convey the news
to Raja Indradyumna. On hearing the news, Raja Indradyumna at
once started with his retinue for Utkal tosee Nilamadhava. On
reaching Nilakandara he found it vacant. But a voice from the
air told him to construct atemple on Nilasaila (Blue mountain).Accordingly
Raja started construction of a big temple. When it was completed
he went to Brahmaloka to invite Brahma to consecrate the temple.
He had to wait for nine yugas till Brahma finished his meditation.
The temple became buried in sand in his absence. In the mean
time a new dynasty ruled in Utkala. Galamadhva, a king of that
dynasty, detected the presence of the temple buried under the
sand. When he got the sand removed a beautiful temple was revealed.
He was considering to install images in the temple when Indradyumna
with Lord Brahma appeared before him. There was a tussle between
Galamadhava and Indradyumna over the ownership of the temple.
However, Lord Brahma decided in favour of Indradyumna and asked
Raja to install deities in the temple.
The raja was at loss where to find the deities. At night
God told him in dream that He would be floating in the sea
in form of log of wood. Then he employed thousands carpenters
to make deities but they failed, as their instrument did not
work against the wood. At last an old carpenter came and said
he would make images in 21 days on the condition that he would
remain completely shut up inside the temple for the period
Raja consented, But on the expiry of two weeks the Queen became
anxious since no sound came out of the temple. She thought
that the carpenter was dead. She pressed the king to open
the door. The king yielded and opened the door. He found three
images in unfinished state. The Raja was sorry but the God
told him that he wanted to assume that Bauddha form in Kali
age. The King did discover the log of wood. Vishnu and Vishwakarma
appeared in the form of artistes and prepared images of Krishna,
Balarama and Subhadra from the tree. The wooden images being
worshipped are renewed during special occasions.Interestingly,
the Rig Veda refers to Purushottama in the form of a wooden
image, prepared from a log of wood floating on the ocean.
Puri is also referred to in the Bhrama purana.
History
The celebrated Temple of Lord Jagannath now existent at Puri
was constructed by Raja Ananta Varman Chodaganga Dev in 12th
century A.D. The wooden images of Jagannath Balabhadra and
Subhadra were installed in that temple. The management of
the temple continued under the Hindu rulers till 1558, when
the State of Orissa was conquered by the Afghan Nawab of Bengal
and the temple was attacked by the Afgan General ‘Kalapahad’.
Then, an independent Khurda kingdom was established by Ramachandra
Deb, who assumed the management of the temple. He consecrated
the temple and reinstalled the deities. Raja Mansingh, a General
of the Mughal King Akbar, defeated the Afghans and annexed
Orissa in to the Mughal dominion. It remained under the Mughals
till 1751 A.D. Till 1760, the temple continued under the Khurda
Raja, who was paying tribute to Mughals and Marhattas. Marhattas
took up direct management of the temple till 1803. The Britishers
annexed Orissa into British empire in 1803 and allowed Puri
Raja to manage the temple. The position continued till 1947.
Architecture
This temple is said to have the largest kitchen in the world,
and feeds thousands of devotees daily. The kitchen can prepare
food for 100,000 people on a festival day and 25,000 is not
unusual on a normal day. There are thirty-six traditional
communities (Chatisha Niyaga) who render a specific hereditary
service to the deities. The temple has as many as 6,000 priests.
There is a wheel on top of the Jagannath Temple made of an
alloy of eight metals (asta-dhatu). It is called the Nila
Chakra (Blue Wheel), and is 3.5m (11 ft 8 in) high with a
circumference of about 11m (36 ft). Every day, a different
flag is tied to a mast attached to the Nila Chakra. Every
Ekadasi, a lamp is lit on top of the temple near the wheel.There
are four gates: the eastern Singhadwara (Lion Gate), the southern
Ashwadwara (Horse Gate), the western Vyaghradwara (Tiger Gate),
and the northern Hastidwara (Elephant Gate). There is a carving
of each form by the entrance of each gate. The Lion Gate,
which is the main gate, is located on Grand Road. Thirty different
smaller temples surround the main temple. The Narasimha Temple,
adjacent to the western side of the Mukti-mandapa, is said
to have been constructed before the present temple.
The architecture of the temple follows the pattern of many
Orissan temples of the classical period. The main shikhara,
or tower, rises above the inner sanctum where the deities
reside. Subsidiary shikharas rise above ante-halls. The temple
complex is surrounded by a wall, on each side of which (that
is, east, south, west, north) is a gopura or gate, over which
rises a pyramid-shaped roof. The Jagannath temple is one of
the largest in Orissa. The temple complex covers several square
blocks and contains dozens of structures, including a mammoth
kitchen. Truly, the Jagannath temple at Puri is an architectural
and cultural wonder. The main temple structure is 65m (214
feet) high and is built on elevated ground, making it look
more imposing. The temple complex comprises an area of 10.7
acres and is enclosed by two rectangular walls. The outer
enclosure is called Meghanada Prachira, 200m (665 ft) by 192m
(640 ft). The walls are 6m (20 feet) high. The inner wall
is called Kurmabedha, 126m (420 ft) by 95m (315 ft). The walls
were built during the 15th or 16th century.
Main Attraction
A famous festival related to the Jagannath temple is the ratha
yatra, or chariot festival, which occurs yearly in June or
July. During the Rath Yatra Festival, the images of Jagannatha,
Balabhadra and Subhadra are placed in mammoth chariots or
'raths', the largest of which is 14 meters (46 feet) high
and has 16 wheels, each more than two meters (seven feet)
in diameter, which are then drawn along Grand Road to the
Gundecha temple, a few kilometers away. After they have stayed
in that temple for seven days, the deities again ride the
chariots back to their home temple.. This journey commemorates
that of Lord Krishna from Gokul to Mathura.
Maha Prasada
Maha-prasada is pure vegetarian spiritual food offered to
Lord Jagannath. Just by eating this maha-prasada one makes
great spiritual advancement. Everyday, fifty-six varieties
of prasada are offered to Lord Jagannath. The preparations
are made traditionally and no onion, garlic, chillies or many
varieties of vegetables (considered alien) are not used. These
Offerings after being made to Lord Jagannath are in turn again
offered to Goddess Bimala Devi in the temple precincts and
then becomes Mahaprasadam. This Mahaprasadam is considered
very efficacious for spiritual liberation. One should respectfully
honor the Mahaprasadam sitting on the floor. This Mahaprasadam
is available daily after 3 -5 pm. This is sold outside the
sanctorum area but within the temple premises. TheMahaprasadam
remains hot for a long time as it is kept in the same earthen
pots which are used to cook it. Most probabaly it may be rice,
make it clear how much you want while ordering. Even if you
say it ten times, you will probably be brought way too much
the first time. Normally, maha-prasada means a few small pots
of sabji (vegetables), dhal, and a pot of rice ten times the
size of the small sabji pots.
Location: 30-km from Kangra and 56-km
from Dharamshala.